Dual biogas/biochar production from anaerobic co-digestion of petrochemical and domestic wastewater: a techno-economic and sustainable approach

Abstract This study investigates the utilization of petrochemical and domestic wastewater (PCW DW) for dual biogas biochar production, focusing on economic sustainable development criteria. Biogas yield by anaerobic co-digestion a 0:1 (PCW:DW) feed was 306.4±11.8 mL per g chemical oxygen demand (COD) removed, which dropped 12.7% with changing PCW:DW to 1:0. The results indicated that increasing DW fraction in encouraged conversion COD into more sludge amounts. subjected pyrolysis generate 0.6 g/g dry sludge. delivered showed appropriate surface morphology, elemental composition, physical properties, functional groups, as demonstrated SEM/EDX, XRD, FTIR characterizations. mass balance estimation digestion system, yield, used determine feasibility treating 30 m 3 /day wastewater. 1:0 condition provided most feasible scenario, profits 3340, 192, 2819 USD/year energy income, selling, pollution reduction, respectively. benefit equivalent payback period 5.38 years. fulfillment multiple goals (SDGs) related clean renewable human health protection, growth highlighted. Graphical abstract